Fundamentos de ginecología y obstetricia

Capítulo 1. DIFERENCIACIÓN SEXUAL FEMENINA:

Moore K, Persaud T. Embriología clínica. 8a. ed. Barcelona: Elsevier, 2008.

American Academy of Pediatrics: Evaluation of the newborn with developmental anomalies of the external genitalia. Pediatrics 106:138, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.1.138

Sadler TW. Langman. Embriología médica: con orientación clínica. 10a. ed. Buenos Aires: Panamericana, 2007.

Simpson JL. Genetics of the female reproductive ducts. Am J Med Genet (Semin Med Genet) 89:224, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19991229)89:4<224::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-C

Persaud TVN. Embriology of the female genital tract and gonads. In: Copeland LJ, Jarrell J (eds): Textbook of Gynecology. 2a. ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.

DiGeorge AM. Hermaphroditism. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Arvin AM (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15a. ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996.

Kitajewski J, Sassoon D. The emergence of molecular gynecology: homeobox and Wirt genes in the female reproductive tract. BioEssays 2000, 22:902.

Paalman M, Hartz PA, Amberger JS, Hamosh A. TAF4B RNA polimerase II, TATA boxbinding protein associated factor, 105-KD; TAF4B. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim [Última actualización: mayo 5 de 2005]

Speroff L, Fritz MA. The Uterus. In: Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Cap. 4, pp. 112-144.

Ostrer H. Sex determination: lessons from families and embryos. Clin Genet 2001, 59:207. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590401.x

Greenspan FS, Gardner DG. Basic & Clinic Endocrinology. Appleton & Lange. 7th edition. 2003. p. 976.

Williams RH, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Wilson JD, Shlomo M, Foster DW (eds). Williams Testbook of Endocrinology. WB Saunders. 10th edition. 2002. p. 1820.

Pedernera E, Méndez C. Embriología en la clínica: casos médicos. 2a. ed. México: Médica Panamericana, 2006.

Muram D: Developmental anomalies. In: Copeland LJ, et al. (eds). Textbook of gynecology, 2nd. edition. Philadelphia, WB Saunders.

Byrne J, Nussbaum Blask A, Taylor WS, et al. Prevalence of Müllerian duct anomalies detected by ultrasound. Am J Med Genet 94:9, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-8628(20000904)94:1<9::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-H

Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, Bonilla Musoles F, Simon C, Pellicer A. Reproductive impact of congenital müllerian anomalies. Human Reproduction 1997, 12(10): 2277-2281. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.10.2277

Trimble EL. Update on diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol 56:187, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-200104000-00001

Hughes IA. Disorders of sex development: a new definition and classification. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb; 22(1):119-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2007.11.001

Kolon TF. Disorders of sexual development. Curr Urol Rep. 2008 Mar; 9(2):172-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-008-0030-3

White PC. The endocrinologist ́s approach to the intersex patient. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002, 511: 107 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0621-8_7

Castilla E, Orioli I. ECLAMC: The LatinAmerican Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Community Genet 2004; 7: 76-94.

https://doi.org/10.1159/000080776

Ruiz A. Ambigüedad sexual: diagnóstico y manejo. En: Cifuentes R, Loman to A. Obstetricia y ginecología. 1a. edición. Bogotá: Distribuna; 2004.

Sultan C, Lumbroso S, Paris F, Jeandel C, Terouranne B, et al. Disorders of androgen action. Semin Reprod Med. 2002; 20(3): 217 - 28.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35386

Rangecroft; British Association of paediatric surgeons working party on the surgical management of ambiguous genitalia. Arch Dis Child 2003; 88(9): 799 - 801. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.9.799

Lee PA, Houk CP, Ahmed SF, Hughes IA; International Consensus Conference on Intersex organized by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. International Consensus Conference on Intersex. Pediatrics. 2006 Aug; 118(2): 814-5. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0738

Onatra W. Amenorrea primaria y secundaria. Gómez G. Endocrinología reproductiva e infertilidad. 1a. edición. Cali: Catorce; 1999.

Firth H, Hurst. Female Infertility and amenorrhoea: genetic aspects. In: Oxford Desk Referente Clinical Genetics. 1st. edition. New York: Oxforf University Press. 2007. pp. 258-260.

Marla J. F. O'Neill. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=400044 updated: 10/7/2009.

Jones K. Síndrome 45 X. En: Smith. Patrones reconocibles de malformaciones humanas. 6a. edición. Madrid: Elsevier; 2007. pp. 76-81.

Firth H, Hurst. Turner syndrome, 45 X and variants. In: Oxford Desk Referent Clinical Genetics.1st. edition. New York: Oxforf University Press. 2007. pp. 558 - 560.

Capítulo 2. ANATOMÍA PÉLVICA APLICADAEN GINECOLOGÍA Y OBSTETRICIA:

Cunningham G, Hauth J, Leveno K, Gilstrap L, Bloom S, Wenstrom K. Williams' Obstetrics. McGrawHill. 22th. edition. 2005.

Delgado A. Anatomía humana funcional y clínica. Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, 2001.

Netter F, Machado C. Atlas of Human Anatomy Saunders, 4th. edition. 2006.

Snell RS. Anatomía clínica para estudiantes de medicina. McGraw Hill Interamericana. 6a. edición. 2001.

Botero J, Henao G, Jubiz A. Obstetricia y ginecología. 8a. edición. 2008.

Ahued J, Fernández C, Bailón R. Ginecología y obstetricia aplicadas. Manual Moderno. 2a. edición. 2003.

Scott JR, Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 9a. edición. 2003.

Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Hoffman BL, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham FG. Williams' Gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 22th. edition. 2008.

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology Text and Atlas. 1st. edition. McGraw-Hill. 2005.

Kierszenbaum AL. Histología y biología celular. Introducción a la anatomía patológica. Elsevier. 2a. edición. 2008.

Sadler T. Langman's Medical Embriology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 10th edition. 2006.

Moore K, Persaud T. Embriología básica. McGraw-Hill Interamericana. 8a. edición. 2008.

Capítulo 3. CICLO MENSTRUAL FEMENINO:

Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005.

Counis R, Laverrière JN, Garrel G, Bleux C, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Lerrant Y et al. Gonadotropinreleasing hormone and the control of gonadotrope function. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005. 45(3):243-54. PMID: 15982451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2005017

Messinis IE. From menarche to regular menstruation: endocrinological background. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006. 1092:49-56. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1365.004

Marshall JC, Dalkin AC, Haisenleder DJ, Paul SJ, Ortolano GA, Kelsch RP. Gonadotropin releasing hormone pulses: regulators of gonadotropin synthesis and ovulatory cycles. Rec Prog Horm Res. 1991. 47:155. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-571147-0.50009-3

Messinis IE. Ovarian feedback, mechanism of action and possible clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update. 2006. 12(5):557-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml020

Xia L, Van Vugt D, Alston EJ, Luckhaus J, Ferin M. A surge of gonadotropin releasing hormone accompanies the estradiol induced gonadotropin surge in the Rhesus monkey. Endocrinology. 1992; 131:2812. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.131.6.1446619

Boron W, Boulpaep E. Medical physiology. Elsevier. 2005.

Stocco C, Telleria C, Gibori G. The molecular control of corpus luteum formation, function, and regression. Endocr Rev. 2007 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2006-0022

(1):117-49. Epub 2006 Oct 31. PMID: 17077191 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Gartner L, Hiatt J. Color textbook of histology. 3rd. edition. Elsevier. 2006.

Oktem O, Oktay K. The ovary: anatomy and function throughout human life. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1127:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1434.009

Mihm M, Evans AC. Mechanisms for dominant follicle selection in monovulatory species: a comparison of morphological, endocrine and intraovarian events in cows, mares and women. Reprod Domest Anim. 2008. 43 Suppl 2:48-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01142.x

Gómez G. Endocrinología reproductiva e infertilidad. 1999.

Brannstrom M, Norman RJ, Seamark RF et al. Rat ovary produce cytokines during ovulation. Biol Reprod. 1994; 5088-94.

Ohnishi J, Ohnishi E, Shibuya H, Takahashi T. Functions for proteinases in the ovulatory process. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005; 1751(1):95-109. PMID: 15950557 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.05.002

Ludwig H, Spornitz UM. Microarchitecture of the human endometrium by scanning electron microscopy: menstrual desquamation and remodeling, In: Bulletti C, Gurpide E, eds. The Primate Endometrium, The New York Academy of Sciences, New York. 1991, 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37848.x

Bergeron C, Ferenczy A, Shyamala G. Distribution of estrogen receptors in various cell types of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human endometrial tissues. Lab Invest. 1988; 58:338.

Tabibzadeh SS. Proliferative activity of lymphoid cells in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990; 70:437. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-70-2-437

Falany JL, Falany CN. Regulation of estrogen sulfotransferase in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells by progesterone. Endocrinology. 1996; 137:1395. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.137.4.8625916

Kirkland JL, Murthy L, Stancel GM. Progesterone inhibits the estrogeninduced expression of cfos messenger ribonucleic acid in the uterus. Endocrinology. 1992; 130:3223. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.130.6.1375896

CAPÍTULO 4. HISTORIA CLÍNICA Y SEMIOLOGÍA EN GINECOLOGÍA:

Cediel R. Semiología médica. Celsus. 6a.edición. 2008.

Llanio R, Perdomo G. Propedéutica clínica y semiología médica. Tomo 1. Ecimed. 1a.edición. 2003.

Argente H, Álvarez M. Semiología médica: Fisiopatología, Semiotecnia y Propedéutica. Panamericana. 1a. edición. 2005.

Bickley L. Bates'guide to physical examination and history taking. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 10th. edition. 2008.

Llanio R, Perdomo G. Propedéutica clínica y semiología médica. Tomo 2. Ecimed. 1a. edición. 2003.

Botero J, Henao G, Jubiz A. Obstetricia y ginecología. Fondo Editorial de la CIB. 8a. edición. 2008.

Ahued J, Fernández C, Bailón R. Ginecología y obstetricia aplicadas. Manual Moderno. 2a. edición. 2003.

Rigol O. Obstetricia y ginecología. Ecimed. 1a. edición. 2008.

Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Hoffman BL, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham G. Williams' Gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 23a. edición. 2008.

Curtis MG, Overholt S, Hopkins MP. Glass' Office Gynecology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 6th. edition. 2006.

Berek J. Berek and Novak's Gynecology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 14th. edition. 2006.

Edmonds K. Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Blackwell Publishing. 7th. edition. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753354

Molina C, Pérez S, Pérez R, Felicitas A. Dolor pélvico agudo y crónico. En: Libro electrónico de Temas de Urgencia.

Zanagnolo V, Cullins V. "Dolor pélvico agudo y crónico". En: Johns Hopkins Ginecología y Obstetricia (edición en español). Lambrou NC, Morse An, Wallach EE editores. Marbán. Madrid 2001.

Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. July/August 2008; 15(4):584-602. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31817b076a

Nelson HD. Menopause. Lancet. 2008 Mar 1;371(9614):760-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60346-3

Agudelo A, Montoya J. Infecciones propias de la mujer. Feriva. 1a. edición. 2002.

Decherney A, Nathan L, Laufer N, Goodwin M. Current diagnosis and treatment in obstetrics and gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 10th. edition. 2007.

Adler M, Cowan F, French P, Mitchell H, Richens J. ABC of Sexually Transmitted Infections. BMJ Books. 5th. edition. 2004.

Consenso Eurogin 2006 sobre la Prueba de Detección de ADN del VPH en el Cribado de Cáncer de Cuello Uterino: De la evidencia a las recomendaciones. HPV Today. No. 09. Agosto, 2006.

CAPÍTULO 5. AYUDAS DIAGNÓSTICAS EN GINECOLOGÍA:

Agudelo A, Montoya J. Infecciones propias de la mujer. Feriva. 1a. edición. 2002.

Decherney A, Nathan L, Laufer N, Goodwin M. Current diagnosis and treatment in obstetrics and gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 10th. edition. 2007.

Adler M, Cowan F, French P, Mitchell H, Richens J. ABC of Sexually Transmitted Infections. BMJ Books. 5th. edition. 2004.

Cunningham G, Hauth J, Leveno K, Gilstrap L, Bloom S, Wenstrom K. Williams' Obstetrics. McGraw-Hill. 22th. edition. 2005.

Pfeifer S. NMS Obstetrics and Gynecology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1st. edition. 2008.

Katz VL, Lobo RA, Lentz G, Gershenson D. Comprehensive Gynecology. Elsevier. 2007.

Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Hoffman BL, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham G. Williams' Gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 23rd. edition. 2008.

DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology. Sixth Edition. St. Louis: Mosby Company. 2002.

Puig-Tintore LM. Utilización del test de VPH en el cribado primario del cáncer de cérvix. En: XVIII Congreso de la AEPCC. Granada. 22-24 de noviembre 2006.

Alba-Menéndez A. Técnicas de detección de VPH. Nuevas tecnologías. XVI Reunión de la AEPCC Alicante. Libro de ponencias 2004:63-6.

Lorincz AT. HPV Testing by Hybrid Capture. En: Monsonego J (ed): Emerging.

Monsonego J. Emerging issues on HPV infections: From science to practice. Karger. 1st. edition. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-01348-1

Donnez J. Atlas of Operative Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy. Informa. 1st. edition. 2007. https://doi.org/10.3109/9780203490983

Pasic RP, Levine RL. A practical manual of laparoscopy and minimally invasive gynecology: A clinical cookbook. Informa. 2nd. edition. 2007. https://doi.org/10.3109/9781439804315

CAPÍTULO 6. MAMA:

SchorgeJ, SchafferJ, HalvorsonL, HoffmanB, BradshawK, CunninghamG. Williams Gynecology. 1st. edition. China: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2008.

Berek J. Berek and Novak ́s Gynecology. 14th. edition. California: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

Hughes LE. Benign disorders and diseases of the breast. 2nd. edition. London: WB Saunders; 2000.

Morrow M. The evaluation of common breast problems. Am Fam Physician 2000;61:2371-8.

Gallego G. Nódulo palpable en mama. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Vol. 56 No. 1. 2005. pp. 82-91. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.561

DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology. 6th. edition. St. Figura 6.12. Louis: Mosby Company 2002. pp. 385-422.

Aguirre D, Romero J. Hacia la estandarización del informe de imágenes en seno: aplicación del sistema BIRads en mamografía. Controversias en Ginecología y Obstetricia. 2002; 9:450-8.

Cuello N, Pomés C. Atlas Ginecológico. 1a. edición. Santiago de Chile: Grafic Suisse; 2006, pp. 193 - 238.

Costa MJ, Tadros T, Milton G, Birdsong G. Breast fine needle aspiration cytology: Utility as a screening tool for clinically palpable lesions. Acta Cytol. 1993; 37: 471-4.

CAPÍTULO 7. ADAPTACIONES FISIOLÓGICAS DEL EMBARAZO:

Whittaker PG, MacPhail S, Lind T. Serial hematologic changes and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88(1):33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-7844(96)00095-6

Lee W. Cardiorespiratory alterations during normal pregnancy. Crit Care Clin 1991;7(4): 763-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0704(18)30279-3

Scott DE. Anemia in pregnancy. In: Wynn RM, editor. Obstetrics and gynecology annual. New York: Appleton, Century, Crofts; 1972. pp. 219-44.

Brown MA, Gallery EDM. Volume homeostasis in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia: physiology and clinical implications. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 8(2):287-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3552(05)80322-0

Duvekot JJ, Cheriex EC, Pieters FA, et al. Early pregnancy changes in hemodynamics and volume homeostasis are consecutive adjustments triggered by a primary fall in systemic vascular tone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169(6):1382-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(93)90405-8

Fujitani S, Baldisseri MR. Hemodynamic assessment in a pregnant and peripartum patient. Crit Care Med 2005;33(10):S354-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000183156.73560.0C

Robson SC, Hunter S, Moore M, et al. Haemodynamic changes during the puerperium: aDoppler and M-mode echocardiographic study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94(11):1028-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02286.x

Mabie WC, DiSessa TG, Crocker LG, et al. A longitudinal study of cardiac output in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170(3):849-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70297-7

Hunter S, Robson SC. Adaptation of the maternal heart in pregnancy. Br Heart J 1992;68(6): 540-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.68.12.540

Torgersen CK, Curran CA. A Systematic Approach to the Physiologic adaptations of Pregnancy. Crit Care Nurs Q 2006; 29 (1): 2 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002727-200601000-00002

Yeomans ER, Gilstrap LC III. Physiologic changes in pregnancy and their impact on critical care. Crit Care Med 2005;33(10):S256-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000183540.69405.90

Metcalfe J, Romney SL, Ramsey LH, et al. Estimation of uterine blood flow in women at term. J Clin Invest 1955;34(11):1632-8. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI103216

Ginsburg J, Duncan SL. Peripheral blood flow in normal pregnancy. Cardiovasc Res 1967; 1(2):132-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/1.2.132

Clark SL, Cotton DB, Lee W, et al. Central hemodynamic assessment of normal term pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161(6 pt 1):1439-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(89)90900-9

Díaz J. Perinatal anesthesia and critical care. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1991.

Beilin Y. Anesthesia for nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Mt Sinai J Med 1998;65(4): 265-70.

Mendenhall HW. Serum protein concentrations in pregnancy: I. concentrations in maternal serum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970;106(3):388-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(70)90364-9

Northcote RJ, Knight PV, Ballantyne D. Systolic murmurs in pregnancy: value of echocardiographic assessment. Clin Cardiol 1985;8(6):327-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960080604

Pedersen H, Finster M. Anesthetic risk in the pregnant surgical patient. Anesthesiology 1979;51(5):439-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-197911000-00014

Elkus R, Popovich J. Respiratory physiology in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med 1992;13(4): 555-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-5231(21)01125-4

Fishburne JI. Physiology and disease of the respiratory system in pregnancy: a review. J Reprod Med 1979;22(4):177-89.

Bonica JJ. Maternal respiratory changes during pregnancy and parturition. In: Marx GF, editor. Parturition and perinatology. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 1973. pp. 2-19.

Camaan WR, Ostheimer GW. Physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Int Anesthesiol Clin 1990;28(1):2-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004311-199002810-00002

Chadwick HS, Posner K, Caplan R, et al. A comparison of obstetric and nonobstetric anesthesia malpractice claims. Anesthesiology, 1991; 74(2): 242-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199102000-00009

Lewin SB, Cheek TG, Deutschman GS. Airway management in the obstetric patient. Crit Care Clin 2000;16(3):505-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70127-5

Crapo R. Normal cardiopulmonary physiology during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1996;39:3-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199603000-00004

Weinberger SE, Weiss ST, Cohen WR, et al. Pregnancy and the lung: state of the art. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;121(3):559-81. https://doi.org/10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.559

Gilroy R, Mangua B, Lavietes M. Ribcage displacement and abdominal volume displacement during breathing in pregnancy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137(3):668-72. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/137.3.668

Cugell DW, Frank NR, Gaensler EA, et al. Pulmonary function in pregnancy, 1: serial observations in normal women. Am Rev Tuberc, 1953; 67(5):568-97.

Lapinsky SE, Kruczynski K, Slutsky AS. Critical care in the pregnant patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152(2):427-55. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633692

Wise R, Polito AJ, Krishnan V. Respiratory Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy. Immunol Allergy Clin N Am 2006; 26:1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2005.10.004

Gee JBL, Packer BS, Millen JE, et al. Pulmonary mechanics during pregnancy. J Clin Invest 1967;46(6):945-52. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI105600

Knuttgen HG, Emerson JRK. Physiologic response to pregnancy at rest and during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1974;36(5):549-53. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1974.36.5.549

Rees GB, Pipkin FB, Symonds EM, et al. A longitudinal study of respiratory changes in normal human pregnancy with cross sectional data on subjects with pregnancy induced hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162(3):826-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)91018-8

Contreras G, Gutiérrez M, Beroiza T, et al. Ventilatory drive and respiratory muscle function in pregnancy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144(4):837-41. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/144.4.837

Templeton A, Kelman GR. Maternal blood gases, PAO2-PaO2, physiological shunt and Vd/Vt in normal pregnancy. Br J Anaesth 1967;48(10):1001-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/48.10.1001

Liberatore SM, Pistelli R, Patalano F, et al. Respiratory function during pregnancy. Respiration 1984; 46(2):145-50. https://doi.org/10.1159/000194683

Archer GW, Marx GF. Arterial oxygen tension during apnoea in parturient women. Br J Anaesth 1974;46(5):358-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/46.5.358

Awe RJ, Nicotra B, Newsom TD, et al. Arterial oxygenation and alveolar arterial oxygen gradient in term pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 1979; 53(2):182-6.

Goodman S. Anesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in the pregnant patient. Semin Perinatol 2002;26(2):136-45. https://doi.org/10.1053/sper.2002.32203

Prowse CM, Gaensler EA. Respiratory acid base changes during pregnancy. Anesthesiology 1965;26:381-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-196507000-00003

Tsai C, De Leeuw NK. Changes in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate during pregnancy and puerperium in normal women and beta thalassemia heterozygous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142(5):520-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(82)90754-2

Goucher D, Rubin A, Russo N. The effect of pregnancy upon pulmonary function in normal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1956;72(5):963-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(56)90058-8

Milne JA. The respiratory response to pregnancy. Postgrad Med J 1979;55(643):318-24. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.55.643.318

Milne JA, Mills RJ, Howie AD, et al. Large airways function during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;84(6):448-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12621.x

Broussard CN, Richter JE. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998;27(1):123-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70350-2

Hunt JN, Murray FA. Gastric function in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1958;65(1): 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1958.tb06212.x

Parry E, Shields R, Turnball AC. Transit time in the small intestine in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1970;77(10):900-1.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03423.x

Conklin KA. Maternal physiological adaptations during gestation, labor and the puerperium. Semin Anesth 1991;10:221-34.

Glassenberg R. General anesthesia and maternal mortality. Semin Perinatol 1991;15(5): 386-96.

Cheek TG, Gutsch BB. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content. In: Shneider SM, Levinson G, editors. Anesthesia for obstetrics. 3rd. edition. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.

Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies. 5th. edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston; 2007. p. 70.

Fried A, Woodring J, Thompson D. Hydronephrosis of pregnancy: a prospective sequential study of the course of dilatation. J Ultrasound Med 1983;2(6):225-9. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.1983.2.6.255

Hytten F, Lind T. Indices of renal function. In: Hytten FE, Lind T, editors. Diagnostic indices in pregnancy. Basel (Switzerland): Documenta Geigy; 1973. p. 18.

Davison J. The effect of pregnancy on kidney function in renal allograft recipients. Kidney Int 1985;27(1):74-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1985.12

Lindheimer M, Davison J, Katz A. The kidney and hypertension in pregnancy. Twenty exciting years. Semin Nephrol 2001;21(2):173-89.

Higby K, Suiter C, Phelps J, et al. Normal values of urinary albumin and total protein excretion during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1994; 171(4):984-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(13)90019-3

BarronWM. Medical evaluation of the pregnant patient requiring nonobstetric surgery. Clin Perinatol 1985; 12(3):481-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-5108(18)30851-0

Toglia MR, Weg JG. Venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(2):108-14. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199607113350207

CAPÍTULO 8. MEDICAMENTOS Y EMBARAZO:

Cunningham, F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Hauth J, Gilstrap L, Wenstrom K. Williams' Obstetrics. 22th. edition. 2005.

Delgado, Alberto. Anatomía humana funcional y clínica. Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle. 1a. edición. 2001.

Netter F. Atlas of Human Anatomy. Elsevier. 4th. edition. 2006.

Snell, RS. Anatomía clínica para estudiantes de medicina. McGraw Hill. 6a. edición. 2001.

Botero J, Henao G, Jubiz A, Obstetricia y ginecología. Fondo editorial de la CIB. 8a. edición. 2008.

Ahued J, Fernández C, Bailón R. Ginecología y obstetricia aplicadas. Manual Moderno. 2a. edición. 2003.

Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, Nygaard IE. Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology. Lippincott Williams and Wilikins. 10th. edition. 2008.

Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Hoffman BL, Bradshaw KD, Cun ningham G. Williams' Gynecology. McGraw-Hill. 23th. edition. 2008.

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J. Basic Histology Text and Atlas. McGraw Hill. 11th. edition. 2005.

Kierszenbaum, Abraham. Histology and cell biology: An introduction to pathology. Elsevier. 2007.

Sadler TW. Langman's medical embriology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 11th. edition. 2009.

Moore, Keith; Persaud, T.V.N. Embriología clínica. McGraw Hill. 8a. edición. 2008.

CAPÍTULO 9. HISTORIA CLÍNICA Y SEMIOLOGÍA EN OBSTETRICIA:

Cediel R. Semiología médica. Celsus. 6a. edición. 2008.

Llanio R, Perdomo G. Propedéutica clínica y semiología médica. Tomo 1. Ecimed. 1a. edición. 2003.

Argente H, Álvarez M. Semiología médica: Fisiopatología, semiotecnia y propedéutica. Panamericana. 2005.

Bickley L. Bates'guide to physical examination and history taking. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 10th. edition. 2008.

Llanio R, Perdomo G. Propedéutica clínica y semiología médica. Tomo 2. Ecimed. 1a. edición. 2003.

Botero J, Henao G, Jubiz A,. Obstetricia y ginecología. Fondo editorial de la CIB. 8a. edición. 2008.

Ahued J, Fernández C, Bailón R. Ginecología y obstetricia aplicadas. Manual Moderno. 2a. edición. 2003.

Cunningham, F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Hauth J, Gilstrap L, Wenstrom K. Williams' Obstetrics. 22th. edition. 2005.

OMS. Vacunas e inmunización: Situación mundial. 2003.

Briggs G, Freeman R, Yaffe S. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. 8th. edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2008.

Nussbaum R, McInnes R, Willard H. Thompson & Thompson Genetics in medicine. Elsevier. 7th. edition. 2007.

Pastuszak A, Schuler L, Speck-Martins CE, Coelho KA, Cordelo SM, Vargas F, et al. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants. N Engl JMed 1998; 338:1881-5. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199806253382604

Isaza C, Saldarriaga W, Pachajoa H. Uso inadecuado de misoprostol ¿Un problema de salud pública? Colomb Med. 2008; 39(2): 61-5.

Ramírez Cheyne J, Pachajoa H, Isaza C, Saldarriaga W. Síndrome de aglosia adactilia y exposición prenatal a misoprostol ¿Relación causal o casual? Reporte de un caso. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 2008; 59(3). 248-52. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.411

Falabella R, Victoria J, Barona M, Domínguez L. Dermatología. Fondo editorial de la CIB. 7a. edición. 2009.

Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N. Patología. estructural y funcional de Robbins y Cotran. Elsevier. 7a. edición. 2005.

Páramo J, Ruiz de Gaona E, García R, Rodríguez P, Lecumberri R. Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda. Rev Med Univ Navarra. 2007; 51(1):13-7. https://doi.org/10.15581/021.7670

CAPÍTULO 10. AYUDAS DIAGNÓSTICAS EN OBSTETRICIA:

Rumack C, Wilson S, Charboneau W. Ecografía obstétrica y fetal. Marban Libros. 2a. edición. 2000.

Norma técnica para la detección temprana de las alteraciones del embarazo. Ministerio de Protección Social. Bogotá DC. 2000.

Briceño F. Evaluación por ultrasonido en el primer trimestre. En: Cifuentes R, Lomanto A. Obstetricia y ginecología: Basadas en la evidencia. Distribuna. 1a. edición. 2004.

Shaw S, Hsu J, Lee C, Hsiao C, Chen C, Hsieh T, Cheng P. First and Second trimester Down Syndrome screening: current strategies and clinical guidelines. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun; 47 (2): 157-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60073-X

Souka A, Molina F, Nicolaides K. Ecografía de primer trimestre (11 a 14 semanas). En: Gratacos E, Gómez R, Nicolaides K, Romero R, Cabero L. Medicina Fetal. Panamericana. 1a. edición. 2007.

Hernández A. Guía práctica en diagnóstico prenatal. Wyeth. 1998.

Verroti C, Caforio E, Gramellini D, Nardelli G. Ultrasound screening in second and third thrimester of pregnancy: An update. Acta Biomed. 2007; 78: 229-32.

Van den Veyver IB, Beaudet AL. Comparative genomic hybridization and prenatal diagnosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 18(2):185-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gco.0000192986.22718.cc

Vásquez G. Evaluación por ultrasonido en el segundo y tercer trimestre. En: Cifuentes R, Lomanto A. Obstetricia y ginecología: Basadas en la evidencia. Distribuna. 1a. edición.

Molina F, De Paco K, Nicolaides K. Ecografia en el segundo trimestre (18 - 23 semanas). En: Gratacos E, Gómez R, Nicolaides K, Romero R, Cabero L. Medicina Fetal. Paramericana. 1a. edición. 2007.

Agniezka S, Slezak R, Pesz K, Gil J, Sasiadek M. Prenatal diagnosis - principles of diagnostic procedures and genetic counseling. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2007; 45 (1): 11-6.

Benson C, Doubliet P. Mediciones fetales. Crecimiento normal y anormal del feto. En: Rumack C, Wilson S, Charboneau W. Ecografía obstétrica y fetal. Marban Libros. 2a. edición. 2000.

Nimord C, Nicholson S. Valoración del embarazo mediante Doppler. En: Rumack C, Wilson S, Charboneau W. Ecografía obstétrica y fetal. Marban Libros. 2a. edición. 2000.

Sanín Blair J, Gómez J, Ramírez J, Mejía C, Medina O, Vélez J. Diagnóstico y seguimiento del feto con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) y del feto pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG): Consenso Colombiano. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. 2009; 60(3): 247-61. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.330

Victoria P. Valoración por ultrasonografía Doppler en medicina materno fetal. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. 2006; 57(3): 190-200. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.490

Mari G, Hanif F, Kruger M. Sequence of cardiovascular changes in IUGR in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn. 2008; 28:377-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.1990

Boulet S, Parker C, Atrash H. Preconceptional care in international settings. Matern Child Health J. 2006; 10(5): S29-S35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-006-0091-1

Hook EB, Cross PK, Schreinemachers DM. Chromosomal abnormality rates at amniocentesis and in liveborn infants. JAMA 1983;249(15):2034-38 (ages 33-49). Obstet Gynecol 1981:58(3):282-85. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.249.15.2034

Gratacos E, Delgado J. Procedimientos invasivos ecoguiados en Medicina Fetal. En: Gratacos E, Gómez R, Nicolaides K, Romero R, Cabero L. Medicina Fetal. 1a. edición. Buenos Aires; Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2007. pp. 129-135.

Turan O, Turan S, Gungor S, Berg C, Moyano D, Gembruch U, Nicolaides K, Harman C, Baschat A. Progression of Doppler abnormalities in intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 32:160-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.5386

Kashork CD, Theisen A, Shaffer LG.. Methods Mol Biol. 2008;444:59-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-066-9_5

Creasy and Resnik, Premature Rupture of the Membranes. Maternal Fetal Medicine. 4th. edition. W.B. Saunders Company, 2000.

Ordóñez O. Vigilancia fetal electrónica anteparto: prueba de no estrés. En: Cifuentes R, Lomanto A. Obstetricia y ginecología: Basadas en la evidencia. Distribuna. 1a. edición. 2004.

Quintero C. Vigilancia fetal electrónica anteparto: prueba de estrés. En: Cifuentes R, Lomanto A. Obstetricia y ginecología: Basadas en la evidencia. Distribuna. 1a. edición. 2004.

Gómez I. Vigilancia fetal electrónica intraparto. En: Cifuentes R, Lomanto A. Obstetricia y ginecología: Basadas en la evidencia. Distribuna. 1a. edición. 2004.

Society of obstetrics and gynaecologists of Canada. British Columbia Perinatal Health Program. Fetal health surveillance: antepartum and intrapartum consensus guideline. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007 Nov; 29(11):909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)32620-2